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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research was to develop matrix type transdermal therapeutic system containing Nisoldipine with different ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymeric concentration by the solvent evaporation technique. The prepared patched showed satisfactory physiochemical characteristics of weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture absorption for stability of the formulation and drug content were uniform in all patches. In vitro study done by using Franz diffusion cell having cellophane membrane to determine the amount of drug present in the formulated patch. In different formulation on the basis of present study formulation F5 show satisfactory drug release pattern.

Key Words:- Nisoldipine, Transdermal patches, In vitro skin permeation.

ABSTRACT

Mucoadhesive buccal patch of Celecoxib were prepared using polymer like Gelatin, Poly Sodium CMC and Poly Vinyl Alcohol. Eight formulations were prepared with varying the concentration of Poly Sodium CMC and evaluated for various parameters like weight variation, patch thickness, volume entrapment efficiency %, and measurement of % elongation at break, folding endurance, in-vitro mucoadhesive time, in-vitro mucoadhesive strength, in-vitro and invivo study. The formulations showed a sustained release. The F4 formulation containing Celecoxib 7%, Gelatin 4.5%, Poly Sodium CMC 5.5%, Propylene Glycol 5%, Poly vinyl Alcohol 2.5% and Distilled Water up to 100%, showed a release of 88.4% after 8 hours. The Celecoxib stability studies were performed at 40 ± 20C / 75 ± 5% RH. Among the eight formulation, F4 formulation showed maximum desired properties release.

Key Words:- Celecoxib, Buccal patch, Mucoadhesion, Gelatin.

ABSTRACT

The profession of pharmacy has undergone dramatic changes over past decade. One area in which pharmacists have seized the opportunity to become involved in patient care is disease management. Disease management is a new method of managing healthcare which has arisen in response to rising healthcare costs and integration of healthcare providers. A pharmacist is the legally qualified and professionally competent person to handle drugs and allied supplies required for the patients within and outside the hospital. The pharmacist can play an important role in disease management care by screening patients at high risk for disease, assessing patient health status and adherence to standards of care, educating patients to empower them to care for themselves, referring patients to other health care professionals as appropriate and monitoring outcomes.

Key Words:- Cost, Disease, Drugs, Education.

ABSTRACT

Patients receiving a large number of medications are more prone to drug related problems (DRPs). This is especially true for nephrology patients who are prescribed an average of eight medications per day. The complexity of drug therapy can lead to confusion, non compliance, interaction and adverse effects. Nephrology patients are known to be dependent on a large number of medications in view of the severity of the disease. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the incidence of DRPs, types of drugs involved, drug risk ratio and risk factors for nephrology patients. The study was performed using the PCNE criteria for identifying DRPs. It was carried out prospectively in a local tertiary hospital. A total of 70 patients were recruited in the study, of which 45 (64.3%) patients reported at least one DRP. There was a total of 118 DRPs reported with a rate of 1.7 DRP per patient. The most common DRP reported based on the PCNE classification was ‘drug use problem’ (n=57/118, 48.3%) and ‘adverse reaction’ (n=39/118, 33.1%). The most common class of drugs involved were antianemia (n=23/118, 19.5%), mineral supplements (n=12/118, 10.2%) and lipid modifying agents (n=12/118, 10.2%). The drugs with the highest drug risk ratio were corticosteroid (0.5), lipid modifying agents (0.32) and antianaemia (0.32). Interestingly, risk factors of DRPs were gender (RR=0.105, p=0.030) and number of drugs prescribed (RR=0.130, p=0.015). This work presents the importance of providing appropriate support for nephrology patients to ensure reduced risk of DRPs.

Key Words:- Drug related problems, Nephrology, Medication.

ABSTRACT

Sustained release Theophylline matrix tablets constituting METHOCEL K4MCR, were developed in this study for the purposeof designing a dosage form that manifests desirable release profile. Five matrix tablet formulations were prepared by direct compressionof METHOCEL K4MCR in varying proportion with fixed percentage of Theophylline. Formulation,containing 10% METHOCEL K4MCR, shows highest percentage of release and on the other hand formulation, containing 50% METHOCEL K4MCR, shows lowest percentage of release. This is also apparent by the MDT and t50 value of the drug formulations that with the decreasing amount of METHOCELK4MCR, the release rate is increased.The release rates of Theophylline from prepared tablets were compared with those of commercial SR tablets of Theophylline. Formulation,containing 30% METHOCEL K4MCR, was found to be the optimum formulation in providing controlled drug delivery with similar release profile of the market product. The release of the studied drug shows first order kinetics and by the Higuchi model and the Korsmeyer-Peppas plot it is evident that, drugs were released by diffusion method and the release of the drugs follow non-fickian release respectively.

Key Words:- Theophylline, Sustained Release (SR), Matrix Tablet,Methocel, METHOCEL, Drug release kinetics.

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the interest in novel routes of drug administration occurs from their ability to enhance the bioavailability of drugs. Drug delivery via the buccal route, using bioadhesive dosage forms offers such a novel route of drug administration. The present investigation is concerned with formulation and evaluation of Buccal tablets of Sumatriptan succinate by Direct compression technique using various Muccoadhesive polymers like Sodium CMC, Carbopol 974, HPMC K 15 and evaluated for various parameters like Weight variation, Hardness, Friability, swelling index, Mucoadhsive strength ,surface pH , in vitro dissolution studies. The FTIR results showed no evidence of interaction between the drug and polymers. The in vitro release kinetics studies reveal that all formulations fits well with zero order kineticsfollowed by korsmeyerspeppas ,higuchi model and then first order and the mechanism of drug relese followed non-fickian diffusion with the peppas model .Optimized formulation containing Sodium CMC,Carbopol 974 showed significant mucoadhesive strength,invitro release profile and good swelling.

Key Words:- Buccal tablets, Sumatriptan succinate, Formulation, Evaluation.

ABSTRACT

The present study was designed to evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant potential of methanolicextract and isolated compoundfrom Albizialebbeck bark.The isolation of compound from methanolic extract was carried out by column chromatography technique and purity of isolated compound was checked by thin layer chromatography. The total phenolic contents of methanolic extract and isolated compound were determined by usingFolin - Ciocalteumethod. The total phenolic content was high in the isolated compound (84.44 mg/g gallic acid equivalent GAE) as compared to methanolicextract (80.25 mg/g gallic acid equivalent GAE). The methanolic extract and isolated compound were investigated for free radical scavenging activity of the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and reducing power assay. The results of DPPH free radical scavenging at 1000 μg/ml indicated maximum antioxidant activity of 91.82% and 90.08% respectively. The reducing power of isolated compound and methanol extract were found to be 2.799 nm and 2.2148 nm respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids and polyphenolic compounds. This suggest a potential utility of the plant as a source of phenolic antioxidants and may provide leads in the ongoing research for natural antioxidants form Indian medicinal plants to be used in treating diseases related to free radical reactions.

Key Words:- Albizialebbeck, Free radical scavenging activity, Antioxidant activity.

ABSTRACT

Solanumtrilobatum Linn (Solanaceae) is a thorny shrub widely distributed in Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Southern India and Srilanka in moist places. This plant is well known in Ayurveda and Siddha system as ‘Alarka and Tuduvelai’, respectively. Leaves, roots, berries and flowers are used for cough. The constituents such as solasodine and β-solamarine have been isolated from whole plant. Plant growth regulators are substance that influences physiological processes of plants at very low concentration. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a many important plant growth development processed. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a triazolic group of fungicide which has plant growth regulating properties. Salicylic acid (SA) is phenolic phytohormones and is formed in plants with role of plant growth and development. The given treatments were started at 70th day followed by 80th 90 and 100th days. The groups were treated with respective growth hormones by spraying method to ABA 10μg/L, PBZ 10mg/L and SA 500μg/L. After 10th day, the plants were harvested and analysed on over all analytical values assessment plant treated with PBZ followed by ABA, SA, Control plants. Qualitative on secondary metabolites on alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponin, tannins and phenol content in present, but gum & mucilage, fixed oils& fats , phytosterol absences. Quantitative of secondary metaboliteson over all metabolites values assessment plant treated with ABA followed by PBZ, SA and Control plants.

Key Words:- Abscisic acid (ABA),Paclobutrazol (PBZ),Salicylic acid (SA),Solanumtrilobatum Linn and phytochemical studies.

ABSTRACT

The plan of this current study is to design the dual release transdermal patches (Dual Trans) and to perform the physiochemical and in vitro evaluation studies for it. The present study proved that Transdermal patch containing two drugs i.e., Diclofenac potassium (Diclo) and Paracetamol (Para) follows simultaneous release pattern of drug without interacting the release of each other and also it focus its effect on chronic pain associated with skeleton-muscular disorders such as Rheumatoid arthritis. In this study Diclo-Para Dual Trans was prepared by solvent evaporation method using different polymer like Ethyl Cellulose, HPMC with varying proportions, Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) as a skin permeation enhancers and Polyethylene Glycol is used as a plasticizer. The prepared patches were evaluated for its thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, moisture content, drug content uniformity and also taken for in vitro permeation study, in vitro release kinetics studies and skin irritation studies. A drug polymer interaction was studied by FTIR. In vitro release and permeation studies were performed by using Franz-diffusion cell. The Results shows that patches prepared with HPMC and DMSO showed higher % moisture transmission and desired % drug release of both the drugs Diclofenac and Paracetamol. Also the study reveals that the formulation containing HPMC (with drug and polymer ratio 1:1) has ideal zero-order release kinetics and best fit for Peppa’s fitting curve.

Key Words:- Dual release transdermal patch, Diclofenac, Paracetamol, HPMC, Transdermal patches, Rheumatoid Arthritis.